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Longeyes
10-26-2014, 11:00 PM
Nice sighting retold here...

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-29342407




The day UFOs stopped play
By Richard Padula
BBC World Service Sport

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Sixty years ago a football match ground to a halt when unidentified flying objects were spotted above a stadium in Florence. Did aliens come to earth? If not, what were they?

It was 27 October 1954, a typically crisp autumn day in Tuscany. The mighty Fiorentina club was playing against its local rival Pistoiese.

Ten-thousand fans were watching in the concrete bowl of the Stadio Artemi Franchi. But just after half-time the stadium fell eerily silent - then a roar went up from the crowd. The spectators were no longer watching the match, but were looking up at the sky, fingers pointing. The players stopped playing, the ball rolled to a stand-still.

One of the footballers on the pitch was Ardico Magnini - he was something of a legend at the club and had played for Italy at the 1954 World Cup.

"I remember everything from A to Z," he says. "It was something that looked like an egg that was moving slowly, slowly, slowly. Everyone was looking up and also there was some glitter coming down from the sky, silver glitter.

"We were astonished we had never seen anything like it before. We were absolutely shocked."


Play was suspended because spectators saw something in the sky, according to the referee's match report.

Among the crowd was Gigi Boni, a lifelong Fiorentina fan. "I remember clearly seeing this incredible sight," he says. His description of multiple objects differs slightly from Magnini's.

"They were moving very fast and then they just stopped. It all lasted a couple of minutes. I would like to describe them as being like Cuban cigars. They just reminded me of Cuban cigars, in the way they looked."


La Nazione's headline reads: Glass fibres fall on Tuscan cities after globes and flying saucers pass by. Lower headline: The sighting over Florence (with a photograph, now lost, of the UFO).
Boni has spent many years reliving that day in his mind. "I think they were extra-terrestrial. That's what I believe, and there's no other explanation I can give myself."

Another of the players, Romolo Tuci, still sprightly in his 70s, agrees. "In those years everybody was talking about aliens, everybody was talking UFOs and we had the experience, we saw them, we saw them directly, for real."

The incident at the stadium cannot simply be interpreted as mass hysteria - there were numerous UFO sightings in many towns across Tuscany that day and over the days that followed. According to some eyewitness accounts a ray of white light was seen in the sky coming from Prato, north of Florence.

Another man who relishes the chance to speak about that day is Roberto Pinotti, the president of Italy's National UFO Centre. He has written many books about UFOs and his home in the centre of Florence is stuffed full of alien memorabilia, posters of old Italian B-movies, framed newspaper articles and black-and-white photographs of blurry flying saucers.

"The players and the public were stunned seeing these objects above the stadium," Pinotti says.

"At the time the newspapers spoke of aliens from Mars. Of course now we know that is not so - but we may conclude that it was an intelligent phenomenon, a technological phenomenon and a phenomenon that cannot be linked with anything we know on Earth."

He's also intrigued by the material that fell from the sky - what Magnini describes as silver glitter.


"A wave of flying saucers over Italy," reported the Domenica del Corriere three years later. With thanks to the Fondazione Corriere della Sera for the use of material from their historic archives.

A sketch of UFOs over the stadium by Silvio Neri
"It is a fact that at the same time the UFOs were seen over Florence there was a strange, sticky substance falling from above. In English we call this 'angel hair'," says Pinotti.

"The only problem is after a short period of time it disintegrates." As a 10-year-old-boy he witnessed this phenomenon himself. "I remember, in broad daylight, seeing the roofs of the houses in Florence covered in this white substance for one hour and, like snow, it just evaporated.

"No-one knows what this strange substance has to do with UFOs."


Variously described by witnesses as similar to cotton wool or cobwebs, the substance was hard to collect because it disintegrated on contact - but some people were determined to find out what it was.

One of them was a journalist at the Florentine newspaper La Nazione, the late Giorgio Batini. In 2003 he told an Italian television programme, Voyager, how on that day he received hundreds of phone calls about the sightings. From the offices of La Nazione in the centre of town his own view of the sky was blocked by the Cathedral, so he went up to the top of the newspaper's building to see what everyone was talking about. The 81-year-old recalled seeing "shiny balls" moving fast towards the dome of the Cathedral.

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The players and fans from that legendary game spoke to World Football on BBC World Service.

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Batini ventured out to investigate. He came across a wood outside the city that was covered in the white fluff. He gathered several samples by rolling them up on a matchstick, and took them to the Institute of Chemical Analysis at the University of Florence. When he got there he found that others had done the same.

The lab, led by respected scientist Prof Giovanni Canneri, subjected the material to spectrographic analysis and concluded that it contained the elements boron, silicon, calcium and magnesium, and that it was not radioactive. Unfortunately this did not provide any conclusive answers - and the material was destroyed in the process.


A sample of the mysterious "angel hair" was photographed for the newspapers
Could it have come from a UFO? "It's an absolutely silly idea. Science totally rejects this idea," says US Air Force pilot-turned-astronomer James McGaha. From the Grasslands Observatory in South Eastern Arizona he has spent more than 40,000 hours staring at the night sky. Not to mention the additional hours he's spent in the cockpit of US fighter jets.

"You know the whole UFO phenomenon is nothing but myth, magic and superstition, wrapped up in this idea that somehow aliens are coming here either to save us or destroy us," he says.

In McGaha's view, the whole spectacle, "angel hair" and all, was nothing more than migrating spiders.

"When I looked at this case originally I thought perhaps it was a fireball, a very bright meteor breaking up in the atmosphere. They can be cigar-shaped with pieces breaking off. But it became fairly apparent that this was actually caused by young spiders spinning webs, very, very thin webs.

"The spiders use these webs as sails and they link together and you get a big glob of this stuff in the sky and the spiders ride on this to move between locations. They just fly on the wind and these things have been recorded at 14,000 feet above the ground. So, when the sunlight glistens off this, you get all kinds of visual effects.

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"As some of this stuff breaks off and falls to the ground, this all seems magical of course," says McGaha. "But I'm fairly confident that's what happened that day."

This theory is backed up by the fact that September and October are the months when spiders in the northern hemisphere migrate - and spectacular spider migrations still make headlines today. But it hasn't convinced everyone.

"Of course I know about the migrating spiders hypothesis - it's pure nonsense. It's an old story and also a stupid story," says Pinotti.

He disputes the spider theory because of the chemical analysis of the "angel hair" samples. Spider silk is a protein - an organic compound containing nitrogen, calcium, hydrogen and oxygen - not the elements reportedly found in the samples Batini and others brought to the university.


Players Ardico Magnini, Ronaldo Lomi and Romolo Tuci with their fan Gigi Boni (second left), at the ground
Sixty years on, the chances of determining the cause of the incident are slim. "I wouldn't trust any reports of an old and strange event like this unless I'd seen the data," says science writer Philip Ball. He agrees that the elements said to have been observed in the "angel hair" don't seem to tally with the spider theory.

"Magnesium and calcium are fairly common elements in living bodies, boron and silicon much less so - but if these were the main elements that the white fluff contained, it doesn't sound to me as though they'd come from spiders," he says.

So it all remains a mystery. No matter what the scientists say, those who were there are convinced that what they saw was unlike anything on earth.

Romolo Tuci just feels lucky to have been there. His eyes dance excitedly as he remembers that curious day. "I was spell-bound and I was also so, so happy."

Video of spiders ballooning courtesy of Rob Ferber, Little Grove Farm

Additional research by Vibeke Venema

Listen again to the Mystery of the Fiorentina UFOs as featured on World Football on BBC World Service.

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WildMage
10-31-2014, 08:28 PM
Unless spider are now spinning fiberglass, the spider theory is pretty much out of the question...

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Boronated fiberglass
Main article: Fiberglass

Fiberglass is a fiber reinforced polymer made of plastic reinforced by glass fibers, commonly woven into a mat. The glass fibers used in the material are made of various types of glass depending upon the fiberglass use. These glasses all contain silica or silicate, with varying amounts of oxides of calcium, magnesium, and sometimes boron. The boron is present as borosilicate, borax, or boron oxide, and is added to increase the strength of the glass, or as a fluxing agent to decrease the melting temperature of silica, which is too high to be easily worked in its pure form to make glass fibers.

The highly boronated glasses used in fiberglass are E-glass (named for "Electrical" use, but now the most common fiberglass for general use). E-glass is alumino-borosilicate glass with less than 1% w/w alkali oxides, mainly used for glass-reinforced plastics. Other common high-boron glasses include C-glass, an alkali-lime glass with high boron oxide content, used for glass staple fibers and insulation, and D-glass, a borosilicate glass, named for its low Dielectric constant).[75]

Not all fiberglasses contain boron, but on a global scale, most of the fiberglass used does contain it. Because the ubiquitous use of fiberglass in construction and insulation, boron-containing fiberglasses consume half the global production of boron, and are the single largest commercial boron market.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron

http://www.etimineusa.com/en/applications-fiberglass-and-specialty-glass

another use may be in the manufacturing of a neutron shield...???
http://www.eplastics.com/Borated-HDPE-Sheet-neutron-shielding

WildMage
11-02-2014, 08:06 AM
so I did a little more research, fiberglass just did not feel right .. an alternative of slag wool connected to steel works was a possibility. however neither of these fit the dissolve on contact criteria.

a boron silicon slurry or gelatin being used as a propellant may work however... for the early 1950s this would definitely be some truly interesting technology.

Boron

Boron fuels have been researched since the 1950's, and have been used in some military missiles and ramjet propelled missiles since then. There is, however, a dearth of information about this fuel online. One of the few good sources is the web page of the Onera program in France, which is developing hypersonic ramjet propelled missiles.

Onera Boron/Kerosene Slurry Isp

Particularly this chart, depicting the Isp of various fuels using boron, including slurries of kerosene and boron, burned in ramjets, clearly shows the Isp advantages of boron, even over a high performance liquid fuel like kerosene. In this chart, we see the volumetric specific impulse (vs the Gravimetric Isp that people are used to seeing). I have found other references in various USAF Air War College papers on proposed or classified real Trans-Atmospheric Vehicles (TAVs) about using boron or borane additives to jet or cryogenic fuels that state that "This program, currently titled the “High-Energy Density Materials Program” (HEDM), is a concept to increase the energy content in conventional chemical bonds of non-nuclear fuels. For example, a 5 percent boron additive to solid hydrogen is projected to produce a 107-second Isp improvement in efficiency, and other additives such as titanium and boron/titanium composites show promising results."1

This appears to be true, as the Onera chart, shown above, show that a 55% boron / 45% kerosene slurry exhibits an Isp increase of 50-100% over kerosene in a ramjet, varying based on specific thrust. As you can see, the boron provides both Isp boost and densification of the fuel (which goes to help improve fuel fractions). This would boost the volumetric Isp of kerosene to 490 seconds up to as much as 650 seconds. NASA HEDM Program papers2 state that the gravimetric improvment in Isp between 31-35 seconds for boron/kerosene slurries, so it appears the primary benefit is that boron densifies the fuel while providing modest improvement in gravimetric Isp.

Particularly, the most recent Aviation Week & Space Technology issue features a cover story on the USAF "Blackstar" TAV program of the late 80's and 90's, which featured a XB-70-like mothership which air launched a smaller orbital vehicle. The use of boron-gelled fuels is associated with this vehicle, which operated primarily out of Groom Lake/Tonopah Test Facility in Nevada. The exhaust products of boron combustion are primarily boron oxides which combine with water and sodium in sea water to form borax, which is the naturally occuring compound of boron.

Converting existing rocket engines to burn boron slurries presents problems. Firstly, some have stated that the gelled slurries are hard to pump, however NASA's HEDM program says that the gel exists only in a rest state, that when induced to flow, the fuel exhibits a viscosity change to resemble that of water. Another potential problem is of coking as well as wear of boron particles (boron is second to diamond in terms of hardness) upon turbopumps and valve seals. This problem is apparently solved by recent patents in use of nanoparticle boron rather than micron sized particles. Thirdly, experiments in the 50's with diborane and pentaborane fuels exhibited liquid boron trioxide (B2O3) compound deposits on the walls of rocket exhaust nozzles, which may degrade nozzle performance, however use of ablating nozzles may allow ablation erosion to counteract the deposition issue. One problem with this early experiment is that the experiment was corrupted by the use of a percholorate igniter, which was later found to be unnecessary. Furthermore, the deposits seem to be boron compounds that have extremely high resistance to heat, such as boron carbonates and nitrates, and thus may act as a TPS for the rocket nozzle, so smart rocket design would take them into account. It is not clear that boron-kerosene slurries would exhibit similar deposition issues, however experiments by Rocketdyne on boron-gel ramjets in the late 1980's indicates that all deposition issues are solved by a minor percentage of fluorine in the oxidizer stream.

http://www.islandone.org/Launch/boron-sharp-article.htm

majicbar
11-02-2014, 01:39 PM
"The lab, led by respected scientist Prof Giovanni Canneri, subjected the material to spectrographic analysis and concluded that it contained the elements boron, silicon, calcium and magnesium, and that it was not radioactive. Unfortunately this did not provide any conclusive answers - and the material was destroyed in the process."

As the UFO travels through the atmosphere it's powerplant would possibly be exposed to the air for cooling. It might be that this powerplant uses some form of Low Energy Nuclear Reaction/Cold-Fusion. LENR research has shown that atomic transmutation occurs in certain instances on the surfaces of the reactor's surface. Daughter products might well produce/include low neutron atomic species. These products seem to be long-lived and non radioactive. Boron would one of the expected products of such a reactor with certain operating conditions. Long chains of polychromatic fibers might form as air flowed along the surface of a reactor if exposed to the atmosphere during it's flight. As this seems to be a short lived phenomena the material of the fiber seems to be largely from modifed/incorporated atmospheric gasses:O, N, C, which are all compatible with their either being daughter products of the reactor, or being mixed with such daughter products in the cooling process. Just as jet exhaust will sometimes show carbon soot in it's, normal exhaust is fine tuned not to produce it. Angle hair seems to be product of unique circumstances which came more often in the past but is still rarely reported. That it dissolves seems to indicate that it's structure's bonds are very weak and if it is largely a poorly defined form of carbon soot, looking for a carbon residue might provide an avenue toward better explaining it's creation and short lifetime. The analysis showing silicon, calcium and magnesium could indicate the air contained dust, while O, C and N being in the atmosphere were probably ignored, but need to be considered in the overall structure of the fibers.

WildMage
11-02-2014, 07:58 PM
FWIW - the thought occurred that there could be an exotic fuel "additive" for use with he PWD (Pulse Wave Detonation) engine of the rumored "Aurora" spyplane - the replacement to the venerable SR-71. The purpose of the additive would be two-fold.


The actual fuel being burned in that infamous "donuts-on-a-rope" contrail is said to be CH4 - methane- in a novel liquid or gel form (stable at higher than cryo-temps). How could that be?


Methane turns liquid at minus ~162 degrees C., too low for practical use in aircraft, since fuel is most often stored in the wing areas, and adding insulation there is not practical. But one conceivable way (just reinvented in the last 5 minutes ;-) is to convert liquid methane into a gel, which would remain stable at much higher temperatures (perhaps minus 20 C which is normal at high altitude.


Doing this could involve monatomic boron (or carbon, but boron has one great advantage). Getting boron to an atomic state would be the "breakthrough" which has occurred in some "black" project.


Full Speculation Alert: This is a complete guess, based on rumors which may not even be accurate about an advanced spyplane. A few experts deny that there is such a plane at all.


Anyway, not to be deterred by expert opinion ;-)... Boron has three 'easy' ionization or bonding states and since we do not want covalent nor ionic bonding - only hydrogen bonding - then four may be available. If a single boron atom stands at the center of a tetrahedron of four CH4 molecules, such that there are four shared hydrogen bonds with this central "virtual glue" atom (boron), then there is little doubt that the high (effective) molecular weight would give it high temperature stability - and also there is the presence of boron, which has an enormous cross-section for neutrons, which could be most important if the cavitation-type pulse of the PWD frees-up neutrons.


"Fonly" (if only) there exists, as a side-effect of the sequential pulsations, a supply of free neutrons available, then one could decrease the fuel needed by a factor of about five million to one for every kg of boron which is burned. IOW if Aurora can burn only a single gram of boron on a 10,000 mile spy mission, then it can reduce the fuel needed by 5,000 kg !

https://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@eskimo.com/msg22538.html

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Second Generation MTVs

The second generation MTV integrates revolutionary propulsion into an improved first generation MTV aerospace frame. Dry-vehicle weight is reduced another 5 percent. The propulsion system is a first generation laser pulse detonation and magnetohydrodynamic "accelerator class" engine with laser air spike technology (see appendix). This propulsion system is designed to operate each engine variant in its most efficient mach regime. To increase engine thrust efficiency in the laser detonation cycle, the cyrogenic propulsion system uses a boron additive.27 The increase in Isp to greater than 600 seconds has rendered the satellite pop-up maneuver obsolete, since most payloads can be directly inserted into orbit. Propulsion margin of 20 percent is easily maintained. A commercial heavy lift MTV demonstrator is being tested, and a commercial passenger MTV is on the drawing board. The second generation MTV is the joint bomber/logistics transport capable of contributing to air-and space-core competencies. Advances in artificial intelligence and superconductors are incorporated into a fully self-contained preflight and diagnostic system with real-time self-repair and reroute. Additionally, these advances have reduced required personnel for refueling and maintenance support.

http://fas.org/spp/military/docops/usaf/2025/v2c5/v2c5-3.htm

the above looks like it is part of the 2025 series of papers output by the military.

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@majicbar soot is an interesting direction too, rocket engines were wrapped in slagwool, which is still used today in high temp situations.

LENR, and/or pulse detonation engines, back in the 1950s points to not only some truly exotic tech but tech which if developed in the 50 remained secret until the 80s. It would seem this tech has enough strategic value to remain secret to this day, because after a fast superficial blurb in the 80s-90s it was buried and obfuscated rather quickly.

another intriguing part of this is the shape of the vehicle per one of the witnesses who said it was egg shaped. This allows for max pressure from all direction i.e self reinforcing when pressure is applied across its entire surface. which may point to a quantum vehicle or a vehicle which would normally operate in deep ocean environments. As a side note way back when I had a dream about an egg shaped vehicle, which in my dream I recognized as a time traveling device.